Whaling Station to Nature Reserve
Stony Point Nature Reserve, a former whaling station, is home to African penguins, Egyptian geese, seabirds, dassies, and shipwrecks. A rocky outcrop along South Africa’s Whale Coast, picturesque Stony Point is situated along the Atlantic Ocean below the Kogelberg Mountains.
It’s no secret that I think South Africa’s nature reserves are special places, but Stony Point has a unique aura – even without knowing about its sordid whaling past. On a sunny day last week, I spent time at the reserve enjoying the birds and learning about the history of the CapeNature Marine Protected Area (MPA).
African Penguin Colony
Stony Point in Betty’s Bay is one of the world’s “largest breeding colonies of African Penguin”. Penguins are adorable, funny birds that often act like humans. Two penguins established the colony in 1982. Today, several thousand penguins live on the reserve, and the population is growing.
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“The African Penguin grows to approximately 2 feet tall and weighs up to 8 pounds. An endangered species, penguins mate for life and return to the same nesting site for up to 15 years. They often live as long as 20 years”.
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“Decades ago, penguins only bred on islands.” With guano harvesting, seals competing for food, and commercial “overexploitation” of fish. It wasn’t a balanced environment for them. When they discovered Stony Point, it was magic! The quiet coastal location came without seals and had an intact environmental habitat beneficial to the penguins. Renamed African Penguins, these endangered animals were the “first to breed on mainland Africa”.
Shortly after the penguin colony was established, predators discovered them. In 1986, a “local leopard wiped out ninety percent of the colony”. After several tries, the leopard was captured and relocated successfully. After recent attacks by domestic dogs, clawless otters, mongoose, and leopard, upgraded “predator-proof” fencing was installed at the reserve.
Although fencing saved the penguins from predators, it became “detrimental to their habitat”. Penguin guano has high alkalinity, causing fynbos vegetation to die. When their breeding area became barren, the penguins were forced to “swim around the fence to find an alternate inland habitat for breeding”.
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“Penguins dive deep and food ball fish to the surface, which helps other seabirds have a fair share of the declining food resource.”
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The solution involved importing fynbos brush to create windbreaks for the penguins. This simple intervention changed their behavior. They no longer needed to burrow for safety and refuge since “fynbos branches offered them perfect shelter by raising their nest sites”.
The reserve has a walkway winding through the edge of the breeding area with coastal “views of the rocky outcrops and swimming penguins on one side and shrubbery and nests on the other”. Display boards throughout the complex give insight into African Penguin biology and the history of the reserve.
I visited in the afternoon when most of the penguins were sunning or napping. Visitors were quiet and respectful. The penguins were clearly enjoying the sunshine and clear, warm weather. One mellow penguin seemed to be in a meditative state holding a flawless yoga pose :).
Endangered Cormorants and Seabirds
Several species of endangered cormorant – Bank, Crowned, White-Breasted, Cape – breed at Stony Point. The cormorants created challenges for the reserve, but community volunteers successfully developed a sustaining habitat for them. Cormorants “breed up to three times in summer,” and they require a nesting habitat with suitable material. Groundcover growing over brush provides the materials needed to build their breeding nests.
I watched cormorants sunning on rocks flapping their wings to dry them out. Their large wingspan is impressive! Seabirds living on the reserve include Hartlaub’s Gulls, Kelp Gulls, Black Oystercatchers, and Grey Herons.
Waaygat Whaling Station
From 1913 to 1930, Stony Point was occupied by Waaygat Whaling Station, “a place of terrible cruelty and devastation”. All that remains now are building foundations, blubber tanks, rail lines, and a slipway.
Whaling at Stony Point was undertaken by three companies that “hunted whales in the seas off Hangklip-Kleinmond and hauled their carcasses to the whaling station for processing. The first year’s catch was 179 whales. Later that number increased to over 300 in a season.”
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As far back as 1788, British, French, and American whalers came to South African waters to hunt the great southern right whale.
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Steamboats anchored off the harbour used a winch and rope to pull whales up the slipway onto the cutting plane. Blubber oil went into storage tanks that were later moved to transport ships destined for Europe. During whaling’s heyday, 220 whalers lived at the station.
Although a 1946 international agreement outlawed the cruel practice, South African whaling didn’t cease until 1979. The whale population today is far from “reaching estimated numbers before human beings hunted them relentlessly and found uses for virtually every whale part“.
No “official surveys occurred while whales were hunted, but estimates put the original southern right whale population at hundreds of thousands”. Today, the southern right whale population is estimated at 3,000 to 4,000.
Una Steam Trawler
In 1926, as part of an attempt to improve whaling conditions in Stony Point Harbour, steam trawler Una from the Irvin & Johnson fleet was sunk to form a jetty alongside the slipway. Today, Una’s rusted stern is still visible with “small fish darting in and out of her plates”.
The Una was well known in Table Bay. “From the cold water and fog of the North Sea to the warm waters of the Australian Coast, and finally halfway across the world to South Africa, all in a space of 36 years – this was the lot of the small, unpretentious ship Una.“
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“The Una was a humble little vessel with quite a career.”
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Wildfires New Year’s Eve 2019
More than 31 miles of critically endangered Sandstone Fynbos was destroyed by a fire linked to a flare shot on New Year’s Eve 2019 in the Overstrand area. The fire started in Betty’s Bay – “the longest town in South Africa, and a place known for its beauty and biodiversity”. It involved three municipalities – Overstrand, Cape Town, and Theewaterskloof. The devastating fires claimed the life of a 59-year-old woman, destroyed 31 homes, damaged 28 structures, and affected Betty’s Bay, Kogel Bay, Rooi Els, Hermanus, and Pringle Bay.
Charred vegetation mars parts of the beautiful drive from Hermanus to Betty’s Bay. Harold Porter National Botanical Garden was damaged heavily but reopened. It’s a lovely garden with many nice hikes.
The fire devastated fynbos in an area where the flora is its richest. The botanical garden “encompasses mountain slopes with flats, deep gorges with relict forests, wind-clipped heathlands, marshes with restios, sedges and bulbs, and beach dunes with specialized salt-adapted plants”.
